If the logic of the Qur'an is; in order to have a child, the existence of a spouse is necessary, then how is the birth of Jesus without a father acceptable?
Jesus Christ
The miracle of the birth of Jesus Christ
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...the purpose of the birth of the Holy Prophet Jesus (peace be upon him) from a mother without a husband was that God created a human being who would be the embodiment of His power. The life of Jesus (peace be upon him) would be miraculous in terms of his birth. In this way He would prove His authority over the obstinate nation of Bani Israel, who did not follow the call of the prophets after Moses. In such a situation, it should be remembered that the God who created the first substance of life, the first living cells and who created the first human being without investigation, is able to create a perfect human being and a great prophet without the act of conception. Whose miraculous birth is a clear proof against his stubborn opponents.
In other words, the growth of female cells in the mother's womb is usually done through fertilization, not constantly. This is a common cause that we are familiar with, but we never have a reason that it is not possible in another way. Rather, it is possible that there are causes in this way that can nurture the cells of the material and force it to perform the duties of life. If such causes are hidden from us who have incomplete information about the secrets of life, it is not hidden for the Great, All-Knowing, and Powerful God. In the verse 59 of Surah Al-Imran, we also read in this regard:
“The likeness of Jesus in the eyes of God is like that of Adam, Who created him from the dust, then commanded him to be, and he also became a [perfect] being”.[1], [2]
[1] Quran [3–59] إِنَّ مَثَلَ عِيسَىٰ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ كَمَثَلِ آدَمَ ۖ خَلَقَهُ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ
[2] Translated: https://makarem.ir/maaref/l/0428989