Management of Cultural Diversity in workplace from perspective of Islam and scientific approach

What is culture?
Culture is a way of life of a group of people--the behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next.[1] This is a public meaning for culture. Culture has a special meaning such as Islamic Culture that is different from the public meaning.
What is diversity?
Diversity encompasses complex differences and similarities in perspectives, identities, and points of view among members of an institution as well as among individuals who make up the wider community. These differences are important to understand but they cannot be used to predict any individual’s values, choices or responses.[2]
What is cultural diversity?
Cultural diversity refers to differences among people because of their racial or ethnic backgrounds, language, dress and traditions.[3] From the perspective of UNESCO Cultural Diversity is “the common heritage of humanity”.[4] In this sense, it is the common heritage of humanity and should be recognized and affirmed for the benefit of present and future generations.[5]
How to manage cultural diversity in workplace from perspective of scientific approach?
While there are myriad cultural variations,[6] here are some essential to the workplace:. Cultural diversity in workplace in addition to benefits has some challenges such as: confusion, lack of teamwork, and low morale as well as prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination. Of course, we must manage these challenges in the workplace. How we can manage these diversities in the workplace? First, managers must understand discrimination and its consequences. Second, managers must recognize their own cultural biases and prejudices.[7] Finally, managers must be willing to change the organization if necessary.[8] Organizations need to learn how to manage diversity in the workplace to be successful in the future[9]
How to manage cultural diversity in workplace from perspective of Islam?
Certainly, Islam accepted the differences among people. As the Holy Qur'an said: "Had Allah willed He could have made you one nation"[10], but Allah could not make you one nation for some good reasons. As well great prophet (PBUH) said: “Ikhtilaf Ummati Rahma.”[11] In another word messenger (PBUH) said: "The difference of opinion among my Ummah is a mercy"[12] It is clear that this "difference" includes the cultural differences in workplace as well.
How to manage these cultural diversities in workplace? There are different ways for it in Islam. Firstly, establishment of a common concept in a single axis in the work environment, such as Allah (C) centeredness. All of people in workplace should do their duties according to. As Holy Qur'an said: "Say: 'people of the book, let us come to a common word between us and you that we will worship none except Allah (C)."[13] Secondly, all of members of an organization should have a manager or a leader that all people with different culture must do according to his commanders. As Holy Qur'an said: " judge between them by what Allah (C) has revealed, and do not follow their low desires (to turn away) from the truth."[14] Thirdly, Islam makes some scales such as "piety and good action". Everybody should be evaluated according to them. As great prophet (PBUH) said:
“All mankind is from Adam and Eve. An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor does a non-Arab have any superiority over an Arab; white has no superiority over black, nor does a black have any superiority over white; [none have superiority over another] except by piety and good action. Learn that every Muslim is a brother to every Muslim and that the Muslims constitute one brotherhood. Nothing shall be legitimate to a Muslim which belongs to a fellow Muslim unless it was given freely and willingly. Do not, therefore, do injustice to yourselves”.[15]
Conclusion
About cultural diversity can be taken three strategies: First, deal with the cultural differences; Second, the decline of cultural differences; Third, management of cultural differences. Among these strategies, cultural diversity management strategy is the best. Diversity managed by creating a fair and safe environment where everyone has access to opportunities and challenges. As well by making a common concept, determine a manager and make some scales from perspective of Islam.
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References 
[1] https://www.tamu.edu/faculty/choudhury/culture.html
[2] http://www.luther.edu/diversity/center/
[3] http://www.yourdictionary.com/cultural-diversity
[4] UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity, 2 November 2001
[5] http://www.pelicanweb.org/solisustv04n10.html
[6] http://www.iecbc.ca/sites/default/files/Managing
[7] Koonce, R. 2001. "Redefining diversity: It's not just the right thing to do; it also makes good business sense." Training and Development (December).
[8] Idem
[9] http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hr022
[10] Chapter 5: AL-MAEDA, verse 48 وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَجَعَلَكُمْ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً
[11] http://www.newmuslimsproject.net/index.php?option
[12] http://www.islamweb.net/emainpage/index.php
[13] Chapter 3: AL-E-IMRAN verse 64  قُلْ يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ تَعَالَوْا إِلَى كَلِمَةٍ سَوَاءٍ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ أَلَّا نَعْبُدَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ
[14] Chapter 5: AL-MAEDA, verse 48 عَمَّا جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْحَقِّ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ
[15] Muhtada, Dani, Managing workforce diversity: an Islamic perspective, IJIMS, Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, Volume 2, Number 1, June 2012: 79-10, P. 93.