Shaikh Abbas bin Muhammad Reza al Qummi was born in the year 1294 AH in Qum, Iran. His father Shaikh Muhammad Reza was a merchant and renowned as a pious & religious man. His mother Zainab was a virtuous lady too and had pledged to herself that at the time of feeding the newborn baby, she would not be without ablutions (Wuzu) and would feed the child in a state of cleanliness & purity. She practiced what she said and for two years she fedAbbas in the state of ablutions. Due to this Shaikh Abbas al Qummi would say, "The main reason for my success is due to my mother's blessings, because that respected lady, within possible limits, fed me in a state of cleanliness & purity".
Shaikh Abbas progressed so rapidly in acquiring Religious education that he became famous in Qum. He was known as ‘Shaikh Abbas' and was described as a young religious person who had great Islamic knowledge. In other words, the local people of Qum knew that a young boy aged 20 was present in their city who was performing great acts, and apart from instructive and worthy sermons, he was even compiling books. At the beginning of his 21st year, Shaikh Abbas's first book was published in Qum, and was not only a means of happiness for Shaikh and his neighbours, but he himself thanked Allah (s.w.t.) for this success and tried much harder and wrote many other books.[1]
In Qum he gained maximum benefit from the Celebrated Scholar Ayatullah Mirza Muhammad Arbab al Qummi (d. 1361 AH) and made extensive use of his library. He had even made use of the presence of Haj Agha Ahmed Tabatabai. From his youth, he had an elegant handwriting and was fond of calligraphy. He learnt different methods of calligraphy like ‘Naskh’ and ‘Nastabeeq’ from the art teacher Agha Shaikh Muhammad Husain. He acquired skills in the art of calligarphy to such an extent, that his first book Fawaed al Rajabiyyah, was written in his own handwriting and was printing in 1315 AH. In the same year, at the end of the month of Safar, he transcribed 220 pages of Surah al Yaseen by Mulla Sadra in Naskh calligraphy and at the end of it, he has mentioned himself as a student of the lowest grade and the lowest creature on the earth.[2]
[1]Ali
Ma’sumi, “Chehreha wa Qisseha”
[2] Ali
Dawani, “Mafakhire Islam”
After completing the Muqaddimat (Preliminary stage) studies of the Hawzah, Shaikh Abbas realized that the knowledge gained from Hawzah of Qum did not satisfy him, therefore, in the year 1316 AH, he migrated to Najaf al Ashraf to quench his thirst of acquiring more knowledge. Because Shaikh Abbas was very eager to know about the true narrators, and he himself narrated from the beginning, when he entered Najaf, he was fascinated by the Scholarly personality of Ayatullah Mirza Husain Noori Tabarsi (d.1320 AH) and attended his lectures. Within a short period he gained utmost knowledge from his teacher, and due to his own zeal, became one of his most endeared students. Muhaddis al Noori trusted him to such an extent, that he gave him the task of transcripting his book Mustadrak al Wasael. He gained authorities from his teacher in the fields of Rational & Traditional Sciences, Jurisprudence, Exegesis, Scholasticism & other Sceinces, and excelled in them. He remained with his teacher for four years and returned to his hometown Qum after his death. He says regarding the death of his teacher, "His death was such bitter upon me, that I still feel its bitterness in my mouth".[1] In Qum he remained engrossed in teaching & training students, writing & oratory.
Thereafter he proceeded for the Haj and in the year 1322 AH moved to Mashshad due to various personal & economic problems. There too he remained engrossed in training & teaching and remained there for a considerable time. It was during this period that Ayatullah al Uzma Shaikh Abdul Karim Haeri Yazdi (d.1355 AH) migrated from Arak to Qum and revived the Theological Center there.Students from all over the world hastened to Qum to gain utmost benefit from it. To strenghten and mobilize the Hawzah in Qum, Ayatullah Yazdi invited
[3] Shaikh
Abbas al Qummi, “Fawaed al Razawiyyah”
numerous Ulama to settle there, and he also requested Shaikh Abbas al Qummi to come there. Shaikh Abbas readily agreed to the offer and hastened towards his hometown Qum and settled there.
He was passionately attached to the books and in this regard, his son says, "From my early childhood, whenever I travelled with my father, I always saw him engrossed in compilation and learning from the early hours of the morning until late night".[4] Once he travelled to Syria with a group of businessmen. His companions say, that while they would go out for sightseeing, he would sit behind and remain busy in writing and study. And whenever they invited him to accompany them, he would refuse to go. Also at night, while they would be fast asleep, he would be busy in studies. His love of books was so intense, that inspite of being economically poor, he would save money to buy books. He himself says, "During my days of studying in Qum, I had become very indigent. I would gather each Qiran to make some Tuman. I would then walk on foot from Qum to Tehran and buy books from there and return back”.[5]
It is related that once a man requested Muhaddis al Qummi to recite the Majlis[6] and promised that he would give him fifty Iraqi
[4] At the
end of the translation of Nafasul Mahmoom, a book authored by Shaikh Abbas al Qummi
[5] “Shaikh
Abbas Qummi : Marde Taqwa wa Fazilat”
[6] A
Religious gathering in which an orator relates the excellences of Ahlulbait (a.s.) followed by their sufferings. Also accompanied by enjoining the performance of good deeds & preventing from evil ones, ornamenting them with evidences from the Qur’an and Prophetic Traditions (Adadees)
Dinars, while at that time the expenditure of Shaikh Abbas was three dinars per month. Hearing this Muhaddis al Qummi replied, "I mount the pulpit for Imam Husain (a.s.) and not for anything else, therefore I cannot accept your offer".
He lead and very simple & sober life, that even an ordinary student was far better than him. He had a cloak of canvas that was neat, perfumed & clean. He spent many years of winter and summer in it, but never ever thought of changing it, while the floor of his house was covered with a coarse carpet. He was familiar with the Qur'an, from early childhood, and when arriving at the verse, "And created not I, the jinn and the humans, but that they may worship (Me)", [7] his whole body would tremble and he would whisper, "How unaware and how far we are from the Divine goal". He firmly believed that the performance of obligatory deeds alone was not sufficient to reach the peak of perfection, but performing the supererogatory (Nawafil) and
recommended (Sunnah) prayers, while the remembrance of Allah, supplications and invocations, lead to the ultimate position, and he himself was never ignorant of performing it. His son, Mirza Ali Muhaddis Zadeh narrates, "As fas as I can recall, my father never missed his night Prayers (Salat al Layl), even during the journeys".
With all his scholarly ranks and levels of piety & learning, he always showed humility & modesty, and was weary of pride & fame and desired to live a life of anonymity. He was respectful to all, but mostly he paid particular respect to the Sadat scholars and people who were in some way the propagators of Ahlulbait (a.s.). When he
[7] Holy Qur’an, Surah al
Zariyat : 56
entered a Religious gathering, he would sit wherever he found a place and would not give priority to himself upon others. He has left behind him a great treasure of books authored by him on various Islamic subjects. According to his son Mirza Ali Muhaddis Zadeh, he wrote 63 books on prayers, ethics, history & biographies. But Mudaress Tabrizi has listed 30 books by him in his book Rayhanatul Adab. Ayatullah Sayyed Mohsin al Ameen names 65 books authored by him,[8] at the same time Ali Dawani introduces about 85 large & small books by him.
[9] To name a few, (1) Mafatihul Jinan wal Baqiyatus Salehat (Considered one of the best books on Supplications & Ziyarat), (2) Safinatul Bihar wa Madinatul Hikam was Asar (Compilation of the subjects of Biharul Anwar of Allamah Majlisi and its summarization, completed in a span of 20 years), (3) Muntahal Amal fi Tareekh al Nabi wal Aal (A comprehensive book upon the lives of the Fourteen Infallibles), (4) Al Fusoolul Aliyyah fil Manaqibal Murtazawiyyah (Upon the excellences and ethics of Imam Ali), (5) Ad Durrun Nazim fi Lugatil Qur'anil Azeem, (6) Kohlul Basar fi Seerate Sayyedul Bashar (Upon the life on the Holy Prophet), (6) Fayzul Qadeer fima Yuta'alliq be Hadeesil Ghadeer (A brief summary upon the Hadees al Ghadeer from the book Abaqatul Anwar by Meer Hamid Husain Hindi Kantoori), (7) Hikmat Baleghah wa meat Kalemat Jame'ah (Brief aphorisms of Imam Ali on Islamic Beliefs and Principles of Religion), (8) Fayzul Allam fi Waqaye' al Shuhur wal Ayyam (Index of occurences during the months & days), (9) Ilmul Yaqeen (Summary of Haqqul Yaqeen of Allamah Majlisi), (10)
[8] Ayatullah Sayyed
Muhsin al Ameen, “A’ayan al Shi’ah”
[9] Ali
Dawani, “Mafakhire Islam”
Kalemat Latifiyyah (On Ethics), (11) Sharh Wajizat Shaikh Bahai (Explanation of Shaikh Bahai's book Al Wajizah) (12) Sharh Kalemat Qisar Hazrat Ali (Explanation of the short sayings of Imam Ali appearing at the end of Nahjul Balaghah), (13) Tuhfatul Ehbaab fi Tarajimul Ashab (Discussing the lives of the companions of Holy Prophet and Aimmah), (14) Fawaedul Rajabiyyah (Daily occurences andother recommended acts and monthly prayers), (15) Ad Durrah al Yatimiyyah fi Tatmat al Durrah al Samaniyyah (Explanation in Persian of Nassab al Sibyan and completion of Sharh Nassab of Fazil al Yazdi), (16) Hadiyatuz Zaereen wa Bahjatun Nasereen (Merits of visitation to the graves of Aimmah, and determining the graves of scholars and believers buried around them), (17) Zakhirat al Abrarfi Muntakhab Anees al Tujjar (Summary of Anees al Tujjar of Mulla Ahmed al Naraqi, on commercial transactions), (18) Ghayatul Qaswa fi Tarjumatil Urwatul Wusqa (Persian translation of Al Urwat al Wusqa of Ayatullah al Uzma Sayyed Muhammad Kazim al Yazdi), (19) Tuhfah al Toosiyyah wan Nafaghah al Qudsiyyah (Merits of visitation to the Blessed Grave of Imam Ali al Reza and significance attributed to his Sacred Mausoleum), (20) Nafasul Mahmoom (A book upon the Tragedy of Karbala and Martydom of Imam Husain),[10] (21) Nafsatul Masdoor (Continuation of Nafasul Mahmoom and published as an Annexure to it), (22) An Anwarul Bahiyyah fi Tareekhil Hujajul Ilahiyyah (Dates of birth and death of Aimmah), (23) Treatise upon the major and minor sins, (24) Manazelul Akherah (Upon the various
[10]The translator has the great privilege to translate this precious & informative book into the English language that was published by Madinatul Ilm Islamic Center, Mumbai (India); and Ansarian Publications, Qum (Iran)
stages of the hereafter),[11] (25) Translation of Misbahul Mutahajjid of Shaikh al Toosi, (26) Nuhzatul Nawazir (Translation of Ma'danul Jawahir of Shaikh Karajaki), (27) Maqamate Aliyyah (Summary of Me'rajus Sa'adah of Mulla Ahmad al Naraqi), (28) Tatmeem Tahiyyatuz Zaer (Completion of Tahiyyatul Zaer of Mirza Husain Noori, that was left unfinished by him due to his death, dealing with the visitation to the graves of Aimmah), (29) Al Kunna wal Alqab (Biographies of Scholars & Poets indexed according to their titles), (30) Tuhfatul Ahbaab fil Ma'rufeen bil Kunna wal Alqab (Summary of Kunna wal Alqab), (31) Fawaedur Razawiyyah fi Ahwal Ulama al Mazhab al Ja'fariyyah (Biographies of Shi'ah Scholars), (32) Baitul Ahzaan fi Masaeb Sayyedatun Niswan (Upon the glorious life of Sayyedah Fatemah and the episode of Saqifah & Fadak),[12] (33) Sabilur Rashad (Dealing with the Principles of Religion), (33) Ghayatul Maram fi Talkhees Darus Salam (Summary of Darul Salaam of Allamah Mirza Husain Noori), (34) Al Kashkol (Collection of his poems), (35) Sharh Sahifah al Sajjadiyah (Explanation of Sahifah al Sajjadiyyah of Imam Zainul Abedeen), (36) Mukhtasarul Abwab fil Sunan wal Adab (Summary of Hilyatul Muttaqeen of Allamah Majlisi), (37) Arba'een Hadees (Forty Traditions), (38) Translation of Jamalul Usbu' of Sayyed Ibn Tawoos, etc. Ayatullah Aqa Buzurg al Tehrani writes about this great personality, "I found him to be a perfect human being, a great scholar.
[11] The
translator also has the honour of translating this book into the English language that was published by Madinatul Ilm Islamic Center, Mumbai (India); and Imam Ali Foundation, Qum
(Iran)
[12] The
present book
He was an embodiment of all the laudable qualities, and possessed a praiseworthy character. He was humble and stuffed with utmost piety and abstinence. I was acquainted with him for a considerable time and my spirit gained utmost benefit from his Divine spirit".[13]
Shaikh Abbas al Qummi died at the age of around 65 years on 23rd Zilhaj 1359 AH (1940 AD) after leading a fruitful life and leaving behing him an enormous wealth of knowledge for humanity to benefit from. Ayatullah al Uzma Sayyed Abul Hasan al Isfahani (d. 1399 AH) recited prayers upon his body, and he was laid to rest besides his teacher, Muhaddis al Noori, in the courtyard of the Shrine of the Commander of the faithful Imam Ali (a.s.) in Najaf al Ashraf. “Allah will exalt (you in) ranks (unto Him), those who believe among you, and those who have been granted knowledge, and Alla is All-Aware of whatsoever you do.”
[14]
[13] Aqa Buzurg
al Tehrani, “Tabaqat A’alam al Shi’ah”
[14]Holy Quran,
Surah al Mujadilah : 11